Studies & Reports - Forum Nachhaltiger Kakao

This overview is for information purposes only. The respective publisher is responsible for the content.

Overview of studies

Project PRO-PLANTEURS

Studies

Year	Title & Link	Publisher

2022	Baseline for the two new regions of the second phase of PRO-PLANTEURS, Yamoussoukro and Divo in Côte d´Ivoire	PRO-PLANTEURS
2022	Professionnalisation des Producteurs & leurs Organisations pour une Cacaoculture durable (EN/FRZ)	PRO-PLANTEURS
2021	Identification des spéculations végétales et animales à fort taux de diversification dans les localités de Toumodi, Taabo, Yamoussoukro et Bouaflé (FRZ)	PRO-PLANTEURS
2020	Endline-Studie 1. Projektphase - Zusammenfassung (FRZ)	PRO-PLANTEURS
2020	Endline-Studie 1. Projektphase - Zusammenfassung (ENG)	PRO-PLANTEURS
2020	Analysis of the workload and the distribution of work between women and men in cocoa production	PRO-PLANTEURS
2017	Etude sur la structure des coûts et l'accès au financement des sociétés coopératives du projet PRO-PLANTEURS Study on the cost structure and access to financing of the cooperatives of the project PRO-PLANTEURS	devImpact, PRO-PLANTEURS
2017	Evaluation de l'application du contenu des formations pour l'amelioration de la production de cacao (FRZ)	PRO-PLANTEURS
2017	Étude des opportunités de marché des cultures vivrières (FRZ) Study on the cost structure and access to financing of the cooperatives of the project PRO-PLANTEURS (EN)	PRO-PLANTEURS
2016	Baseline Report for the Project PRO-PLANTEURS (EN) Baseline Report Summary (EN) Étude de base PRO-PLANTEURS (FRZ)	ComoConsult

Reports

2022 Ownership and Tenancy of Land Among Cocoa Smallholder Farmers in the Project Area of PROPLANTEURS, Côte d’Ivoire

Paper on Ownership and Tenancy of Land Among Cocoa Smallholder Farmers in the Project Area of PROPLANTEURS, Côte d’Ivoire
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Leadership Training: Reinforcing the leadership capacities of cocoa cooperative women’s committee members

Women Committee Workshop
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Other studies from the cocoa sector by topics

EU Regulation on Deforestation

Year	Title & Link	Publisher
2023	Assessment of the potential unintended consequences of the EU deforestation regulation for cocoa producing countries in West Africa	University of Bristol and COOKO
2023	An EU strategic framework for working with countries to achieve deforestation-free production	Fern
2022	EU Regulation on Deforestation-Free Products: Reference Document for Cocoa Producers and Importers	Proforest
2022	EU Regulation on Deforestation-Free Products: Operational Guidance for Cocoa Producers and Importers	Proforest

Sustainable Supply Chains

Year	Title & Link	Publisher
2022	Sustainability in the cocoa-chocolate global value chain: From voluntary initiatives to binding rules?	ÖFSE
2022	Rechteinhaber*innen wirksam in MultiStakeholder-Initiativen einbeziehen	Germanwatch e.V.
2022	David versus Goliath: niche products and mainstream agricultural export commodities – to what extent do they promote sustainable development?	INA
2021	Trends in the Implementation of Ethical Supply Chains	Forest Trends
2021	Traceability and transparency of cocoa supply chains in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana	Nitidae and EFI, EU REDD Facility
2020	Supporting Smallholder Farmers for a Sustainable Cocoa Sector: Exploring the Motivations and Role of Farmers in the Effective Implementation of Supply Chain Sustainability in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire	Supply Chain Sustainability Research Fund
2020	Comparative study on the distribution of value in European chocolate chains	FAO, BASIC
2020	Evaluation gaps, challenges and implications: Responsible business initiatives for sustainable supply chains?	Evidensia
2020	Nachhaltigkeit in globalen Lieferketten	Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung
2020	Study on due diligence requirements through the supply chain	Europäische Kommission
2019	Competition Law and Sustainability: A Study of Industry Attitudes Towards Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration in the UK Grocery Sector	Fairtrade Foundation
2019	Towards Sustainable Cocoa Supply Chains: Regulatory Options for the EU	Fern
2019	Commodity dependence, global commodity chains, price volatility and financialisation: Price-setting and stabilisation in the cocoa sectors in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana	Austrian Foundation for Development Research (ÖFSE)
2018	Whose cocoa? Occasional paper	Exposure- und Dialogprogramme (EDO) e.V.
2018	Cocoa Production and Processing Technology	CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group
2018	Freiwillige Klimaneutralität des Privatsektors – Globale Kooperation als Schlüssel zur Erreichung des 2°C-Ziels	Senat der Wirtschaft
2018	Cocoa Barometer Kakaobarometer 2018 Cocoa Barometer Zusammenfassung	Cocoa Barometer Konsortium
2018	Producing sustainable cocoa: Under what conditions?	IDDRI
2018	Perspectives for export-oriented industrial policy strategies for selected African countries: case studies Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana and Tunisia	ÖFSE
2018	Fair Value: Case studies of business structures for a more equitable distribution of value in food supply chains	3keel, Oxfam
2018	The Global Business of Forced Labour: Report of Findings	SPERI
2017	Afrika und Europa – Neue Partnerschaft für Entwicklung, Frieden und Zukunft - Eckpunkte für einen Marshallplan mit Afrika	BMZ
2016	The Dark Side of Chocolate	Le Basic
2014	Cocoa production and processing	Pro-Agro Collection
2012	Ghana Cocoa Industry - An Analysis from the Innovative System Perspective	Technology and Investment Journal
2012	Cocoa Value Chain - Implication for the Smallholder Farmer in Ghana	Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology
2012	Towards Côte d’Ivoire Sustainable Cocoa Initiative (CISCI)	Fafo
2012	Vom Kakaobaum bis zum Konsumenten - Die Wertschöpfungskette von Schokolade	Südwind
2012	Fact-Sheet: Die Wertschöpfungskette von Schokolade	Südwind

Sustainable Farming Practices, Diversification and Nutrition

Year	Title & Link	Publisher
2021	Evaluation de l’adoption des varietes ameliorees de cacaoyers appelees « Mercedes » en Cote d’Ivoire	I.A.A.S.; WECARD
2021	Cadmium in cacao: what we know about mitigation practices: Second Clima-LoCa briefing note on cadmium in cacao	Alliance of Bioversity International; CIAT
2021	Securing higher prices for cocoa - Price mechanisms in international trade	ClientEarth
2020	Supporting Smallholder Farmers for a Sustainable Cocoa Sector: Exploring the Motivations and Role of Farmers in the Effective Implementation of Supply Chain Sustainability in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire	Supply Chain Sustainability Research Fund
2020	Developing Cocoa Agroforestry System in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire	Climate Focus
2020	Cocoa & Forests Initiative Progress Report 2018 - 2019	Cocoa & Forests Initiative; World Cocoa Foundation
2019	Évaluation technico-économique du greffage de clones cacaoyers (Theobroma cacao L.) de la station de Tové au Togo	Bulletin de la Recherche Agronomique du Bénin (BRAB)
2019	Tree diversity and its ecological importance value in organic and conventional cocoa agroforestry in Ghana	Plos One
2018	Demystifying the Cocoa Sector in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire	KIT Royal Tropical Institute
2018	On-farm cocoa yields increase with canopy cover in shade trees in two agro ecological zones in Ghana	Climate and Development
2018	Pratique cacaoyère, délitement de l'accès au foncier et sécurité alimentaire dans la sous-préfecture de Dania (Centre-Ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire) (FRZ)	Tropicultura
2018	Understanding agribusiness-based advisory services - Findings of a learning trajectory	KIT Royal Tropical Institute
2018	Producing sustainable cocoa: under what conditions?	IDDRI
2017	Appraisal of the Agro-Tech Smart Extension Model in Ghana: Payment options and challenges in ICT enabled extension services delivery	International Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
2017	Knowledge powers development	Rural 21
2017	ICT Toolbox for Contract Farming Professionals	GIZ
2017	Alternative Geschäftsmodelle im Kakaosektor - Neue Wege aus der Armut?	Südwind Institut
2017	Barry Callebaut Progress Report 2016/17	Barry Callebaut
2016	Rising farmer yields with SMS reporting	Rural 21
2016	The cocoa bean fermentation process: from ecosystem analysis to starter culture development	Journal of Applied Microbiology
2016	Evaluation of different fermentation processes for use by small cocoa growers in mexico	Food Science & Nutrition
2016	Cacao Cultivation under Diverse Shade Tree Cover Allows High Carbon Storage and Sequestration without Yield Losses	Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen
2016	Market Concentration and Price Formation in the Global Cocoa Value Chain	Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Netherlands, SEO Amsterdam Economics
2016	Baseline Report PRO-PLANTEURS – étude de base / Côte d’Ivoire (FRZ)	Como Consult
2016	Baseline Report PRO-PLANTEURS – Baseline / Côte d’Ivoire (EN)	Como Consult
2015	Farmer innovation: "Chicken droppings" in Côte d'Ivoire's cocoa farms, an agro-ecological and social revolution	Inter-Réseaux
2015	Chocolate Sustainability Report 2014/15	Barry Callebaut
2015	Situational Assessment of Women and Youth Farmers and Family Nutrional Status in Two Cocoa Producing Communities in Côte d'Ivoire	Fair Labour Association
2015	Agrobiodiversity – the key to food security, climate adaptation and resilience	GIZ
2014	Cocoa Sustainability Report 2013/14	Barry Callebaut
2013	Contract farming handbook Vol. 1	GIZ
2013	Contract farming handbook Vol. 2	GIZ
2013	Sustainability Report 2012/13	Barry Callebaut
2013	Effects of Farmers' Field School on the Technical Efficiency of Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria	Journal of Biology and Life Science
2013	Mainstreaming Biodiversitdy Conservation into the Cocoa Production Landscape in Southwest Ghana	Conservation Alliance-Ghana
2013	Successional Agroforestry Systems for Sustainable Cocoa Production within the Conservation Districts of Malinau and Kapuas Hulu	GIZ, Forests and Climate Change Programme (FORCLIME)
2013	3. Kakao-Konferenz: der lange Weg zur nachhaltigen Produktion; Veranstaltungsdokumentation	GIZ, Südwind Institut
2012	Socioeconomic impact of SARO agro allied organic cocoa program on beneficiary cocoa farmers in Nigeria	Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
2012	The gloomy outlook for cocoa production in The Ivory Coast and strategies for sustainable solutions for recovery and improvements of productivity	Ecotop Consult
2010	An Evaluation of Farmer Field School Induced Changes in Ghanaian Cocoa Production	Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education

Standards and Certification

Year	Title & Link	Publisher
2023	Sustainability and Standards in Global Agriculture Value Chains: The African Standard for Sustainable Cocoa	Duncan Brack
2023	La Norme Africaine pour le cacao durable Durabilité et normes appliquées dans les chaînes de valeur de l’agriculture mondiale	Duncan Brack
2021	Fairtrade and Climate Change: Systematic review, hotspot analysis and survey	Fairtrade International, European Union
2021	Standards for Sustainability: UNIDO's Contribution to Voluntary Sustainability Standards	United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
2021	Cocoa Farmer Income: The household income of cocoa Farmers in Côte d'Ivoire and strategies for improvement	Fairtrade International
2021	Effects of Fairtrade on farm household food security and living standards: Insights from Côte d'Ivoire	University Göttingen, Centre for Development Research(ZEF)
2021	Standards for Sustainability; UNIDO’s Contribution to Voluntary Sustainability Standards	United Nations Industrial Development Organization
2020	EU development cooperation and ethical certification schemes: impact, transparency and traceability	Europäisches Parlament
2019	Smallholder participation and procedural compliance with sustainable cocoa certification programs	Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems
2019	Up to standard: Third-party certification and company programmes compared	Lumina Intelligence
2018	Understanding certified small producers' needs: Interviews with certified producers to understand their need ans how sustainability standards can innovate to meet them	ISEAL Alliance
2018	The Impacts of Cocoa Sustainability Initiatives in West Africa	MDPI, Sustainability Journal
2017	The State of Sustainable Markets 2017: Statistics and Emerging Trends	International Trade Centre
2017	The business benefits of using sustainability standards	ISEAL Alliance
2016	Nachhaltigkeitssiegel - Können Verbraucher Fairtrade, Utz & Co vertrauen?	Stiftung Warentest
2016	Leveraging the Vertical: The Contested Dynamics of Sustainability Standards and Labour in Global Production Networks	British Journal of Industrial Relations
2016	The True Price of Cocoa from Ivory Coast	IDH, True Price
2016	Cocoa Farmer's agricultural practices and livelihoods in Côte d'Ivoire	Barry Callebaut, Agence Francaise de développement
2016	UTZ Impact Report	UTZ Certified
2015	The State of Sustainable Markets	International Trade Center
2015	Impact of UTZ certification on cocoa producers in Ghana, 2011 to 2014	LEI Wageningen UR, UTZ Certified
2015	Beyond Certification	Do Sustainability
2014	Follow-up Study Report on Certification Capacity Enhancement Pilot Cocoa Certification Initiatives in Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire and Nigeria	Cocoa Connect
2014	Impact of UTZ Certification of cocoa in Ivory Coast	LEI Wageningen UR, UTZ
2014	Behind the Brands	Oxfam
2014	Zur Plausibilität der Best Practice Kriterien – Eine Literaturrecherche	Südwind
2014	UTZ Impact Report	UTZ Certified
2014	Fairtrade Kakao in Westafrika	Fairtrade
2013	Economic and financial assessment of premiums for the adoption of Rainforest Alliance Certification scheme by farmers in the bia conservation area of Ghana	Conservation Alliance international
2013	The COSA Measuring Sustainability Report - Coffee and Cocoa in 12 Countries	Committee on Sustainability Assessment (COAS)
2013	Behind the Brands	Oxfam International
2013	Nachhaltigkeit in der Kakao- und Süßwarenindustrie: Chance oder Trugschluss?	ASTM, Action Solidarite tiers monde
2013	Improving smallholder livelihoods: Effectiveness of certification in coffee, cocoa and cotton	KMPG, SUSTAINEO
2012	Socioeconomic impact of SARO agro allied organic cocoa program on beneficiary cocoa farmers in Nigeria	Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
2012	Incentives for Sustainable Cocoa Production in Ghana	KIT
2012	Cocoa Certification Study on the costs, advantages and disadvantages of cocoa certification	KMPG, ICCO
2012	Rainforest Alliance Certification on Cocoa Farms in Côte d’Ivoire	Rainforest Alliance
2012	Certified Cocoa: Scaling up farmer participation in West Africa	IIED
2012	Ein Standard für die Standards - Nachhaltigkeitsstandards für Agrarrohstoffe	WWF

Productivity and Quality

Jahr	Titel & Link	Herausgeber
2021	Quartlery Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics February 2021	ICCO
2020	Effect of Input Credit Scheme of Small Cocoa Farmers in the Amenfi West and Prestea-Huni Vally Districts in the Western Region of Ghana	Global Scientific Journals
2019	Évaluation technico-économique du greffage de clones cacaoyers (Theobroma cacao L.) de la station de Tové au Togo	Bulletin de la Recherche Agronomique du Bénin (BRAB)
2018	Genetic identity and diversity of Nigerian cacao genebank collections verified by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): a guide to field genebank management and utilization	Tree Genetics & Genomes, Springer
2018	Rethinking Ghanas Cocoa Quality: The Stake of Licence Buying Companies (LBCs) in Ghana	Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Research
2018	Demystifying Cocoa Sector in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana	KIT Sustainable Economic Development and Gender
2017	Knowledge powers development	Rural 21
2017	Appraisal of the Agro-Tech Smart Extension Model in Ghana: Payment options and challenges in ICT enabled extension services delivery	International Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
2017	Evaluation de l'application du contenu des formations pour l'amelioration de la production de cacao	PRO-PLANTEURS
2016	Rising farmer yields with SMS reporting	Rural 21
2016	Cocoa Farmer's agricultural practices and livelihoods in Côte d'Ivoire	Barry Callebaut, Agence Francaise de développement
2015	Establishing Our Roots - Preparing to Grow - Cocoa action annual report 2015	World Cocoa Foundation (WCF)
2015	CocoaAction Progress Report	World Cocoa Foundation (WCF)
2014	Follow-up study report on CCE pilot cocoa certification initiatives In Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire and Nigeria	Certification Capacity Enhancement (CCE)
2013	Effects of Farmers' Field School on the Technical Efficiency of Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria	Journal of Biology and Life Science
2010	An Evaluation of Farmer Field School Induced Changes in Ghanaian Cocoa Production	Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education

Local value-addition and local consumption

Year	Title & Link	Publisher
2021	Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Fairen Handel 2021	Forum Fairer Handel
2018	Cocoa Production and Processing Technology	CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group
2018	The Cocoa Coast: The Board Managed Cocoa Sector of Ghana	IFPRI
2018	Fair Value: Case studies of business structures for a more equitable distribution of value in food supply chains	3keel, Oxfam
2018	Harnessing the chances of digitalisation for rural development - Lessons-learnt in German-funded rural development projects	GIZ
2017	Gross Margin Analysis of Cocoa Bread Production	International Journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food Science (IJHAF)
2016	Study on the state of farmer cooperatives in the cocoa sector of Côte d‘Ivoire	GEFAK
2015	Cocoa industry: Integrating small farmers into the global value chain	Unctad
2014	Cocoa production and processing	Pro-Agro Collection
2013	Cocoa and Its by Products: Identification and Utilization	Nutrition and Health Journal
2012	Ghana Cocoa Industry - An Analysis from the Innovative System Perspective	Technology and Investment
2012	Incentives for sustainable cocoa production in Ghana	Royal Tropical Institute
2006	Food sovereignty and export crops - Could ECOWAS create an OPEC for sustainable cocoa? Regional Forum on Food Sovereignty, Niamey, 7-10 November 2006	ROPPA, Forum on Food Sovereignty

Supply Chain Transparency

Year	Title & Link	Publisher
2022	German Cocoa and Chocolate Vakue Chains - Analysis of the distribution of value, costs, taxes, and net margins along the German cocoa and chocolate value chains Tool "Analysis of the distribution of value, costs, taxes and net profit margins along the German cocoa and chocolate value chains	BASIC
2021	Étude de faisabilité pour la mise en place d'un système unifie de traçabilité du cacao d'origine Côte d'Ivoire	Mont Horeb
2021	Traceability and transparency of cocoa supply chains in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana	Traceability and transparency of cocoa supply chains in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana
2021	Cocoa Traceability Case Study - Mondelēz International	Dutch Initative on Sustainable Cocoa, Beyond Chocolate, Swiss Platform for Sustainable Cocoa, Forum Nachhaltiger Kakao, IDH
2021	Cocoa Traceability Case Study - Barry Callebaut	Dutch Initative on Sustainable Cocoa, Beyond Chocolate, Swiss Platform for Sustainable Cocoa, Forum Nachhaltiger Kakao, IDH
2021	Cocoa Traceability Case Study - Cargill	Dutch Initative on Sustainable Cocoa, Beyond Chocolate, Swiss Platform for Sustainable Cocoa, Forum Nachhaltiger Kakao, IDH
2021	Cocoa Traceability Case Study - Fairtrade International	Dutch Initative on Sustainable Cocoa, Beyond Chocolate, Swiss Platform for Sustainable Cocoa, Forum Nachhaltiger Kakao, IDH
2021	Technical Brief on Cocoa Traceability in West and Central Africa	Forum Nachhaltiger Kakao, IDH, C-lever.org
2020	Étude de faisabilité pour la mise en place d’un système unifié de traçabilité du cacao d’origine Côte d’Ivoire	Le Conseil du Café-Cacao
2020	Anforderungen an wirkungsvolle Multi-Stakeholder-Initiativen zur Stärkung unternehmerischer Sorgfaltspflichten Empfehlungen aus Sicht der Zivilgesellschaft	CorA-Netzwerk, das Forum Menschenrechte und VENRO

Pests and Diseases

Year	Title & Link	Publisher
2023	Pesticide Use in Cocoa - Practical Manual	ICCO
2018	Design and Placement of Synthetic Sex Pheromone traps for cocoa mirids in Ghana	International Journal of Tropical Insect Science
2011	Video as a tool for agricultural extension in Africa: The Case Study from Ghana	International Journal of Education and Development

Year	Title & Link	Publisher
2022	Cocoa Farmers in poverty trap	Südwind Institut
2021	Direct entry options for Ivorian cocoa products to the European market	Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
2020	Requirements for effective Multi-stakeholder initiatives to strengthen corporate due diligence	VENRO – Association of German Development and Humanitarian Aid NGOs, Forum Menschenrechte, CorA Network for Corporate Accountability
2020	Lebensqualität - Konsumethik zwischen persönlichem Vorteil und sozialer Verantwortung \|Otto Group Trendstudie 2020, 5. Trendstudie zum ethischen Konsum	Otto Group
2018	Land and Tree Tenure Innovation for Financing Smallholder Rehabilitation in Ghana	World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty 2018
2017	Driving Innovations in Smallholder Engagement - Insights in Service Delivery and Finance	IDH
2015	Das Leitbild vom Verbraucher: unmündiger oder aufgeklärter Konsument?	Wissenschaftlicher Pressedienst, BDSI
2014	Toolbox for Promoting Innovation Systems	GIZ
2013	Lebensqualität - Konsumethik zwischen persönlichem Vorteil und sozialer Verantwortung \| Otto Group Trendstudie 2013, 4. Studie zum ethischen Konsum	Otto Group
2013	Zone centrale de cultures de rente: Population autochtone et population allogène/allochtone	ACF

Living Income

Year	Title & Link	Publisher
2023	Towards a Living Income for Cocoa Farmers in Ghana: Assessing companies' efforts to date	Oxfam
2023	Earn a living? What the Côte d’Ivoire–Ghana cocoa living income differential might deliver on its promise	Food Policy Journal
2022	What makes co-operatives work? Exploring value creation and distribution in cocoa co-operatives in Ghana	FAIRTRADE FOUNDATION
2021	Baseline Study for a Living Income in Cashew and Cocoa Growing Regions of Ghana	Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
2021	Balancing the Living Income Challenge - Towards a multi-actor approach to achieving a living income for cocoa farmers	University Wageningen, Mondelez International, Cocoa Life
2021	Living Income: From Right to Reality	Oxfam International
2021	A Living Income for Cocoa Producers in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana?	Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
2021	Impacts of the Cocoa Living Income Differential Policy in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire	Joint Research Centre, European Commission
2021	Cocoa Farmer Income: The household income of cocoa farmers in Côte d’Ivoire and strategies for improvement	Fairtrade International, EMC, Impact Institute
2021	ILO Global Wage Report 2020-2021	International Labour Organization (ILO)
2020	Forever Chocolate Progress Report 2019/20	Barry Callebaut
2020	Cocoa Barometer 2020	Cocoa Barometer Consortium
2020	NO SILVER BULLETS: Closing the $10 billion income gap in cocoa calls for cross-sector action	Wageningen University Research, Mondelēz International und Cocoa Life
2020	Guiding steps towards living income in the supply chain - how to mainstream living income in your company's activities	GIZ; The Living Income Community of Practice
2020	Living Wage, Living Income, and Child Labour-Free Zones: Arguments and Implications for Children’s Work	ACHA; Institute of Development Studies
2020	Fairtrade Living Income Progress Report	Fairtrade International
2020	The effects of income changes on child labour: A review of evidence from smallholder agriculture	International Cocoa Initiative
2019	Closing the income gap of cocoa households in Côte d’Ivoire – taking a gender-sensitive household approach	KIT
2019	Helping Cocoa Farmers to achieve a Living Income and adapt to Climate Change	Feed the Future, CGIAR, CCAFS, USAID
2019	Craving a change in chocolate: How to secure a living income for cocoa farmer	Fairtrade Foundation
2019	Exploring Revenue Management & Producer Pricing Mechanism within Ghana's Cocoa Sector	IMANI Center for Policy & Education
2019	A living income for smallholder commodity farmers and protected forests and biodiversity: how can the private and public sectors contribute?	Wageningen University
2019	Living Income Report: Rural Côte d'Ivoire	Living Income Community of Practice
2019	Forever Chocolate Progress Report 2018-19	Barry Callebaut
2018	Growth through pricing policy: The case of cocoa in Ghana	FAO
2018	Analysis of the income gap of cocoa producing households in Ghana	KIT
2018	Demystifying the cocoa sector in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana	KIT
2018	Amélioration des revenus des producteurs par la régénération des vieilles cacaoyères à travers l’association Cacaoyers – Cultures vivrières – Arbres d’ombrage	INPHB, AVSF, ANADER
2018	What Works To Increase Smallholder Farmers' Income	Farmer Income Lab
2018	Kakaobarometer 2018	Cocoa Barometer Konsortium
2018	Forever Chocolate Progress Report 2017/18	Barry Callebaut
2018	Living Income Report: Rural Ghana	Living Income Community of Practice
2018	Ripe for Change: Ending human suffering in supermarket supply chains (Report EN)	Oxfam
2018	Die Zeit ist reif: Leid und Ausbeutung in Supermarktketten beenden (Zusammenfassung)	Oxfam
2018	Follow up Study - Assessing the Impact of Fairtrade on Poverty Reduction through Rural Development	CEval GmbH, Fairtrade
2018	Cocoa Farmer Income: The household income of cocoa farmers in Côte d’Ivoire and strategies for improvement	True Price, Fairtrade International
2018	Cocoa Barometer	Cocoa Barometer Konsortium
2018	Preisgestaltung in der Wertschöpfungskette Kakao - Ursachen und Auswirkungen	Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Südwind
2017	Alternative Geschäftsmodelle im Kakaosektor - Neue Wege aus der Armut?	Südwind
2017	National Survey and Segmentation of Smallholder Households in Côte d’Ivoire	CGAP, World Bank
2016	Strengthening the competitiveness of cocoa production and improving the income of cocoa producers in West and Central Africa / Renforcer la compétitivité de la production de cacao et augmenter le revenu des producteurs de cacao en Afrique de l’Ouest et en Afrique centrale	Südwind
2016	Market Concentration and Price Formation in the Global Cocoa Value Chain	Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Netherlands, SEO Amsterdam Economics
2016	The True Price of Cocoa from Ivory Coast	IDH, True Price
2015	Cocoa Barometer 2015	Cocoa Barometer Consortium
2014	Cocoa Market Update April 2014	World Cocoa Foundation (WCF)
2013	Nicht nur Öl: Kakaoanbau in Nigeria	Südwind
2013	Baseline study report on Cocoa producers‘ livelihood perceptions in five pilot areas in Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire and Nigeria	CCE Frank Kuklinski, Oghenerobo Adhuze
2013	3. Kakao-Konferenz: der lange Weg zur nachhaltigen Produktion; Veranstaltungsdokumentation

Financing, Pricing

Year	Title & Link	Publisher
2022	Price-Setting Power in Global Value Chains: The Cases of Price Stabilisation in the Cocoa Sectors in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana	The European Journal of Development Research
2022	Cocoa Farmers in Poverty Trap	Südwind Institut
2022	Price formation on the futures market and the physical market for cocoa	BLE
2022	Summary: Price formation on the futures market and the physical market for cocoa (EN)
2022	Summary: Price formation on the futures market and the physical market for cocoa (FRA)
2021	Securing higher prices for cocoa - Price mechanisms in international trade	ClientEarth
2020	Effect of Input Credit Scheme of Small Cocoa Farmers in the Amenfi West and Prestea-Huni Vally Districts in the Western Region of Ghana	Global Scientific Journals
2020	Village Loans and Savings Association- A Case Study	Care International
2020	The role of fiscal rules in relation with the green economy	European Parliament
2019	Access to Finance for Cocoa Farmers	Schweizer Plattform für Nachhaltigen Kakao (Swiss Platform for Sustainable Cocoa)
2018	Rapport d'audit du systeme de commercialisation du cacao (FRZ)	KPMG
2018	Prix dans la chaîne de valeur du cacao – causes et effets (FRZ)	Südwind Institut, GIZ
2018	Pricing in the cocoa value chain – causes and effects	Südwind Institut, GIZ
2018	Preisgestaltung in der Wertschöpfungskette Kakao – Ursachen und Auswirkungen	Südwind Institut, GIZ
2017	Index-based Insurance for Cocoa Production in Ghana: Just a Mirage?	University of Bonn, Germany Conference International Research on Food Security
2017	Profit mit Nachhaltigkeit? Die Rolle der Privatwirtschaft in Entwicklungsländern	Südwind Institut
2017	The State of Sustainable Markets 2017: Statistics and Emerging Trends	International Trade Centre
2017	Study on the cost structure and access to financing of the cooperatives of the project PRO-PLANTEURS - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY	PRO-PLANTEURS
2017	Etude sur la structure des coûts et l’accès au financement des sociétés coopératives du projet PRO-PLANTEURS	PRO-PLANTEURS
2017	Driving Innovations in Smallholder Engagement - Insights in Service Delivery and Finance	IDH
2017	Étude des opportunités de marché des cultures vivrières	PRO-PLANTEURS
2016	Emerging Opportunities in the West African Food Economy	OECD
2016	Report of the working group on the review of the study on the global cocoa sustainability fund	ICCO
2015	Assessing the Potential of Climart Smart Cocoa Insurance: A Pathway to Increase Yields and Reduce Farmer Risks form Climate Change in Ghana	Forest Trends, University of Arkansas
2014	Zukunft der Süßwarenindustrie	Hans Böckler Stiftung
2013	Flächenkonkurrenz – das Beispiel Kakao	Südwind Institut
2013	Nicht nur Öl - Kakaoanbau in Nigeria	Südwind Institut

Child Labour, Human Rights, Gender

Year	Title & Link	Publisher
2023	What makes child labour harmful and what does it mean for the cocoa sector?	ICI
2023	Gender Inequality in the Cocoa Supply Chain: Evidence from Smallholder Production in Ecuador and Uganda	World Development Sustainability
2022	cash transfers, resilience and child labour in Ghana	ICI
2022	Measuring Child Labor: the Who's, the Where's, the When's, and the Why's	Social Science Research Network (SSRN)
2021	Guide to Conducting Risk Analyses for Cocoa Producing Countries	Südwind Institute
2021	Moving with responsibility towards success Practical implementation of human rights due diligence in 10 companies	BMZ
2021	Seeking a 'Smart Mix': Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives and Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence	Geneva Center for Business and Human Rights
2021	Child Labour: Global Estimates 2020, Trends and the Road Forward	International Labour Organization (ILO), UNICEF
2021	Ending child labour and promoting sustainable cocoa production in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana	European Commission
2021	Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships and Human Rights	Partnerships 2030
2021	Menschenrechtsfitness von Audits und Zertifizierern?	European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights e.V. (ECCHR), Brot für die Welt, MISEREOR
2021	Effects of Fairtrade on farm household food security and living standards: Insights from Côte d’Ivoire	Science Direct, Fairtrade, University of Göttingen, University of Bonn
2021	Effectiveness Review of Child Labour Monitoring and Remediation Systems in the West African Cocoa Sector (EN) Étude sur l'efficacité des systèmes de suivi et de remédiation du travail des enfants dans le secteur du cacao en Afrique de l'Ouest (FR)	ICI
2021	Benchmarking study: Overview and definition of child labor monitoring and remediation systems	ICI, Schweizer Plattform für Nachhaltigen Kakao
2021	The Resilience Journey with Mars	KIT Royal Tropical Institute
2020	Is Nestlé’s CLMRS contributing to the reduction of child labor in its cocoa supply chain in Côte d’Ivoire?	Fair Labor Association
2020	Menschenrechte im Palmölsektor	GIZ
2020	Women in Cocoa: Fairtrade Foundation research paper into the links between female participation in cocoa production and women’s economic empowerment	Fairtrade
2020	The concept of a “safe harbour” and mandatory human rights due diligence	CEDIS
2020	Trafficking in Persons Report 2020	U.S. Department of State
2020	2020 List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor	U.S. Department of Labor
2020	Business & Human Rights Resource Centre: Towards EU Mandatory Due Diligence Legislation. Perspectives from Business, Public Sector, Academia and Civil Society	Business & Human Rights Resource Centre; Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
2020	Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa Production in Cocoa Growing Areas of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana	NORC
2020	Assessment of Effectiveness of Cocoa Industry Interventions in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa Growing Areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana	NORC
2020	Die Achtung von Menschenrechten entlang globaler Wertschöpfungsketten - Risiken und Chancen für Branchen der deutschen Wirtschaft	Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales
2020	Not Fit-for-Purpose - The Grand Experiment of Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives in Corporate Accountability, Human Rights and Global Governance	MSI Integrity
2020	Umweltbezogene und menschenrechtliche Sorgfaltspflichten als Ansatz zur Stärkung einer nachhaltigen Unternehmensführung	Umweltbundesamt
2020	Making human rights due diligence frameworks work for small farmers and workers	Fair Trade Advocacy Office
2020	Living Wage, Living Income, and Child Labour-Free Zones: Arguments and Implications for Children's Work	ACHA; Institute of Development Studies
2020	The effect of cash transfers on child labour: A review of evidence from rural contexts	International Cocoa Initiative (ICI)
2020	The effects of income changes on child labour: A review of evidence from smallholder agriculture	International Cocoa Initiative
2019	VSLAs in Cocoa: Business/Income Case	World Cocoa Foundation (WCF)
2019	Trafficking in Persons Report 2019	US Department of State
2019	Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor	US Labor's Bureau of International Labor Affairs
2019	Eliminating Child Labor in Cocoa (ECLIC)	International Cocoa Initiative (ICI)
2019	Menschenrechtsverletzung im Kakaoanbau - Warum wir ein Lieferkettengesetz brauchen	Inkota-netzwerk
2019	Estimating the economic incentives necessary for eliminating child labor in Ghanaian cocoa production	Luckstead et al. in PLoS ONE Journal
2019	Agricultural Commodity Traders in Switzerland - Benefitting from Misery?	Public Eye
2018	The Global Business of Forced Labour: Report of Findings	Sheffield Political Economy Research Institute (SPERI)
2018	Ending child labour by 2025: A review of policies and programmes	International Labour Organization
2018	Bitter Sweets: The prevalence of forced labour & child labour in the cocoa sectors of Côte d'Ivoire & Ghana	Walk Free Foundation
2018	2018 List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor	U.S. Department of Labor
2018	2017 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor	U.S. Department of Labor
2018	Putting children first: International Cocoa Initiative 2017 Annual Report	ICI
2018	Demystifying the Cocoa Sector in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire	KIT Royal Tropical Institute
2018	Die Zeit ist reif: Leid und Ausbeutung in Supermarktketten beenden (Zusammenfassung)	Oxfam
2018	Ripe for Change: Ending human suffering in supermarket supply chains (Report EN)	Oxfam
2018	Follow up Study - Assessing the Impact of Fairtrade on Poverty Reduction through Rural Development	CEval GmbH, Fairtrade
2018	Pratique cacaoyère, délitement de l'accès au foncier et sécurité alimentaire dans la sous-préfecture de Dania (Centre-Ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire) (FRZ)	Tropicultura
2018	Trafficking in Persons Report 2018	US Department of State
2017	Global Estimates of Child Labour: Results and Trends, 2012-2016	International Labour Organization
2017	Tackling Child Labour - 2017 Report	Nestlé Cocoa Plan
2017	Combatting Child Labour in Cocoa: Investor Expectations and Corporate Good Practice	GES International
2016	Trafficking in Persons Report 2016	US Department of State
2016	Women's Rights in the Cocoa Sector: Examples of emerging good practice	Oxfam
2016	Children at the heart: Assessment of child labour and child slavery in CdI´s cocoa sector and recommendations to Mondelez International	Embode
2016	Rapport d'état du système éducatif national de la Côte d'Ivoire: pour une politique éducative plus inclusive et plus efficace (FRZ)	Regierung Côte d'Ivoire, UNICEF, IIPE, UNSECO
2016	Researching the Impact of Increased Cocoa Yields on the Labour Market and Child Labour Risk in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire	International Cocoa Initiative (ICI)
2015	Good practices and Lessons Learned in Cocoa Communities in Ghana	International Labour Organization (ILO)
2015	EINEWELT ohne Hunger ist möglich - Lösungsansätze der deutschen Entwicklungspolitik	BMZ
2015	Looking within the household: a study on gender, food security, and resilience in cocoa-growing communities	Oxfam GB, Routledge
2015	Enquete sur le niveau de vie des menages en Côte d'Ivoire	INS
2015	Situational Assessment of Women and Youth Farmers and Family Nutrional Status in Two Cocoa Producing Communities in Côte d'Ivoire	Fair Labor Association
2015	Survey Research on Child Labour in West African Cocoa Growing Areas	Tulane Universität
2015	The Nestlé Rural Development Framework	Nestlé
2015	Handbook for monitoring and evaluation of child labour in agriculture. Measuring the impacts of agricultural and food security programmes on child labour in family-based agriculture	FAO
2014	Enquête nationale sur la situation de l'emploi et du travail des enfants (ENSETE 2013)	International Labor Organisation
2014	Independent evaluation of Mars, Mondelēz International and Nestlé gender assessments and actions plans for their cocoa supply chains in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana	Oxfam
2014	Zwölf Jahre, Sklave - Kinder in Zwangsarbeit	Terre des Hommes
2014	Mobilizing social capital to deal with child labour in cocoa production: The case of community child labour monitoring system in Ghana	Wageningen University Research Staff Publication
2014	Assesing Women's roles in Nestlé's Ivory Coast Cocoa Supply Chain	Fair Labor Association
2013	Capacity Building of Cocoa and Agriculture Extension Officers and Other Key Partners on Child Labour	ILO Publication
2013	Marking progress against child labour - Global estimates and trends 2000-2012	International Labor Organisation
2012	Assessing the Impact of Fairtrade on Poverty Reduction through Rural Development	Centrum für Evaluation
2012	Sustainable Management of Nestlé's Cocoa Supply Chain in the Ivory Coast - Focus on Labor Standards	Fair Labor Association
2012	2012 Findings of the worst forms of child labor	US Labor's Bureau of International Labor Affairs

Environment, Climate, Deforestation

Year	Title & Link	Publisher
2023	An EU strategic framework for working with countries to achieve deforestation-free production	Fern
2022	Côte d'Ivorie: Risk of illegal cocoa supply in the Guémon region	Initiatives for Community Development and Forest Conservation (IDEF)
2022	EU Regulation on Deforestation-Free Products: Operational Guidance for Cocoa Producers and Importers	Proforest
2022	EU Regulation on Deforestation-Free Products: Reference Document for Cocoa Producers and Importers	Proforest
2022	Règlement de l’UE sur les produits « zéro déforestation » : document de référence à l’intention des producteurs et importateurs de cacao	Proforest
2022	Règlement de l’UE sur les produits « zéro déforestation » : guide opérationnel à l’intention des producteurs et importateurs de cacao	Proforest
2022	Côte d'Ivorie:Risque d'approvisionnement en cacao illégal dans la région du Guémon	Initiatives pour le Développement communautaire et la conservation de la Forêt
2022	Mapping Opportunities for Cocoa Agroforestry in Côte d’Ivoire	UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
2021	The Power to Stay: Climate, Cooca, and the Politics of Displacement	Annals of the American Association of Geographers
2021	Fairtrade and Climate Change: Systematic review, hotspot analysis and survey	Fairtrade International, European Union
2021	Changements d’occupation et d’usage des terres entre 2016 et 2019 dans le Sud-Est de la Côte d’Ivoire: impact des cultures de rente sur la forêt	Bois et Forêts des Tropiques
2021	Étude sur la diversification du cacao et de la noix de Cajou; Rapport final, version de novembre 2020	Agissons ensemble pour le futur, PRO-PLANTEURS
2020	Developing Cocoa Agroforestry System in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire	Climate Focus
2020	Annual Report 2020 Côte d'Ivoire	Cocoa & Forests Initiative
2020	Annual Report 2020 Ghana	Cocoa & Forests Initiative
2020	Making Agroforestry work at scale	Cargill, PUR Projet, 1 for 20 Partnership
2020	Cocoa agroforestry systems in Africa – the art of reconciling sustainable production and ecological services	Cirad
2020	Intermediate Pilot Phase Appraisal of the Cocoa & Forests Initiative January 2018 - December 2019	Cocoa & Forests Initiative
2020	Cocoa & Forests Initiative Progress Report 2018 - 2019	UPL; Cocoa & Forests Initiative
2019	For a cocoa without deforestation: performance of labels and company actions	Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI)
2019	Agricultural value chains facing the biodiversity challenge: the cocoa-chocolate example	Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI)
2018	Climate-smart agriculture: Will higher yields lead to lower deforestation?	CIFOR
2018	On-farm cocoa yields increase with canopy cover in shade trees in two agro ecological zones in Ghana	Climate and Development Journal
2018	Feasibility Study on Options to step up EU Actions against Deforestration	European Union
2018	Dynamique d'expansion des cacaoyères dans les zones de contact forêt-savane: cas de la sous-préfecture de Kokumbo (Centre de la Côte d'Ivoire) (FRZ)	Tropicultura
2018	Por que demain ne meure jamais: La Côte d'Ivoire face au changement climatique (FR)	World Bank
2018	Freiwillige Klimaneutralität des Privatsektors - Schlüssel zur Erreichung des 2°C-Ziels	Senat der Wirtschaft
2017	Chocolate and the Consumption of Forests: Cross-National Examination of Ecologically Unequal Exchange in Cocoa Exports	Journal of World-Systems Research
2017	Forest Friendly Cocoa in Côte d'Ivoire	UNDP, GCP, Mondelez
2017	Eliminating Deforestation from the Cocoa Supply Chain	World Bank
2017	Entwaldungsfreie Lieferketten - Gemeinsam zum Waldschutz beitragen	WWF, BMZ
2016	The True Price of Cocoa from Ivory Coast	IDH, True Price
2015	Assessing the Potential of Climart Smart Cocoa Insurance: A Pathway to Increase Yields and Reduce Farmer Risks form Climate Change in Ghana	Forest Trend- University of Arkansas
2015	Agrobiodiversity – the key to food security, climate adaptation and resilience	GIZ
2015	Cocoa farming and primate extirpation inside Côte d’Ivoire’s protected areas	Tropical Conservation Science
2014	Moving Forward with REDD+ in Ghana: Shade System, Crown Cover, Carbon Stocks and Socio-Economic Dynamics of Smallholder Cocoa Agroforestry System	SNV publication
2013	Mainstreaming Biodiversitdy Conservation into the Cocoa Production Landscape in Southwest Ghana	Conservation Alliance-Ghana
2012	Die süße Chance - Fairer Handel am Beispiel Kakao (Unterrichtsmaterial)	Fairtrade Deutschland, Fachzeitschrift Praxis Geographie, TransFair
2012	Cocoa Fact Sheet	Wageningen UR Centre for Development Innovation
2012	From Ghana to Magnum Ice Cream: Tracking Down the Organisation of Sustainable Cocoa Product Chains	Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg

Project PRO-PLANTEURS

Studies

Reports

Other studies from the cocoa sector by topics

EU Regulation on Deforestation

Sustainable Supply Chains

Sustainable Farming Practices, Diversification and Nutrition

Standards and Certification

Productivity and Quality

Local value-addition and local consumption

Supply Chain Transparency

Pests and Diseases

Other Topics

Living Income

Financing, Pricing

Child Labour, Human Rights, Gender

Environment, Climate, Deforestation